Romeo Essays - English-language Films, , Term Papers

Romeo Also, Juliet Tragedy In the Shakespearean Tragedy, Romeo and Juliet we find how solid the force of affection truly is. Romeo and Juliet never endeavor to change the situation of the two restricting family units with their souls however appallingly prevail at long last, with the taking of their lives. The two of them kept the updates on their activities covered up from their family yet Juliet was the person who lied absurdly to her folks, particularly to her mom, somebody who she should've figured out how to trust. Be that as it may, how really? Woman Capulet was frequently depicted as a cold and removed position figure that Juliet dreaded rather than adored and trusted in. A cherishing connection between the two should've been built up from the earliest starting point. When it tasted the wormwood on the areola of my burrowed and felt it severe, pretty simpleton, to it petulant and drop out with the burrowed, (Shakespeare 749). This quote by Nurse Angelica advises us that not exclusively did Lady Capulet not bond with Juliet by letting her beverage the milk of her bosoms, yet additionally allowed the attendant to turn out to be to a greater extent a nurturing figure for Juliet. Woman Capulet was as well ethically narrow minded to see that her little girl would grow up to adore and a trust Nurse Angelica rather than her self. At the point when she at long last perceives her deficiencies in raising Juliet, it is past the point of no return! That is the reason when Juliet looks for guidance about the excellencies of affection her mom is never in thought. Many blended emotions keep Juliet from uncovering reality to her mom. Inside them lies the dread of her mom's objection to her stupendous commitment for Romeo. Woman Capulet forces dread upon Juliet by rotting her about wedding County Paris. She succeeds when Juliet reacts to her goading by declaring, I'll hope to like, if looking preferring move; yet not any more profound will I endart mine eye then your assent invigorates make it fly, (Shakespeare 751). This shows Lady Capulet has such a power over her girl that assent is required over her marriage choices. The companion isn't found in her mom yet rather a figure of power is found. So at that point, who is the genuine comrade? Medical attendant Angelica is the individual that Juliet trusted the most with her difficulties. She's reported as the genuine mother quietly inside Juliet's activities. In any case, the trust that has created between them that would never grow among her mom and she before long takes a plunge to the remnants of selling out. Medical attendant Angelica advises Juliet to wed Paris and disregard her Romeo. Juliet before long tempests into wild craze and spits severe words against the medical caretaker, Old condemnation! O most mischievous devil, (Shakespeare 815). Now, a young lady would most normally go to her mom for a few useful tidbits. Woman Capulet is the mother, however not according to Juliet since their relationship was rarely closely knit or weave by any means. Juliet was far too scared of the apathetic power figure in Lady Capulet that she didn't permit her feelings to ever interface with her moms. In this manner, the privileged insights that Juliet kept were uncovered until the end when she lied dead on the floor of the vault. That was when Lady Capulet acknowledged how removed her relationship truly was with her little girl. The hole between them probably been one of the factors that lead to Juliet's mysteries and finished in a mind-blowing taking. In the event that her mom would've have investigated Juliet on her sentiments, she may have seen Juliet was keeping something. Woman Capulet played her character faultless however as the mother, she fizzled catching the genuine nurturing job!

Controversial Supreme Court Case Roper V. Simmons Essay Example

Disputable Supreme Court Case Roper V. Simmons Essay Example Disputable Supreme Court Case Roper V. Simmons Paper Disputable Supreme Court Case Roper V. Simmons Paper Exposition Topic: Disputable The Death Penalty is a disputable theme all alone. Be that as it may, in the event that you include the chance of a minor accepting capital punishment it gets much all the more fascinating. The Supreme Court instance of Roper v. Simmons was an ideal case of that. Roper v. Simmons gave the Supreme Court two inquiries: 1) regardless of whether the execution of the individuals who were sixteen or seventeen at the hour of a wrongdoing is unfeeling and unordinary rebuffed and 2) does is disregard the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment. The fundamental crowd for this specific case is the general American populace, and explicitly influences the adolescent populace. Christopher Simmons, seven months short of his eighteenth birthday celebration, arranged and executed the homicide of a guiltless lady. Portrayals of the homicide are altogether chilling. Reports uncovered that Simmons and an accessory bound the lady in tape and dropped her off a scaffold, suffocating her in the waters underneath. Simmons later admitted to the wrongdoing and even took an interest in a recorded reenactment of it. In the event that he had been a grown-up at the hour of the homicide, Simmons’ case would not bring up any protected issues. Be that as it may, because of his age, the issue under the watchful eye of the court was whether the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments permitted the United States to â€Å"execute an adolescent guilty party who was more seasoned then 15 however more youthful than 18 when he perpetrated a capital wrongdoing. † Justice Kennedy insisted the past decision in the Missouri Supreme Court. Therefore, Simmons couldn't be considered for capital punishment because of his age, and his sentence stayed at life in jail without any chance to appeal. Equity Kennedy proceeded to state, â€Å"it is the court’s thinking that puts forth this defense disputable, due to advancing gauges of decency† (ROPER v. SIMMONS, (03-633) 543 U. S. 551 2005) since the decision in Stanford v. Kentucky (1989), the Court has grounds to run against the adolescent capital punishment. In the Stanford managing, the Court held that adolescents younger than 15 couldn't be executed, â€Å"due to sees that have been communicated by regarded proficient associations, and driving individuals from the Western European people group. † (STANFORD v. KENTUCKY, 492 U. S. 361 1989) The Court later managed in Atkins v. Virginia (2002) that, â€Å"mentally hindered people were excluded from capital punishment also, a further indication of society’s evolving principles. † (ATKINS v. VIRGINIA, 536 U. S. 320 2002) The choice in Atkins disclosed that because of their disabilities, â€Å"it is profoundly improbable that such wrongdoers would ever merit the death penalty. † (ATKINS v. VIRGINIA, 536 U. S. 320 2002) The thinking in Atkins is applied to the Simmons choice. Kennedy contends that since people under 18 are completely less chargeable than the normal lawbreaker, they ought not merit capital punishment. Kennedy includes that there are three contrasts between adolescents under 18 and grown-up wrongdoers. In the first place, â€Å"juveniles regularly come up short on the development found in grown-ups, a quality that is reasonable among the youthful and young people are overrepresented measurably in for all intents and purposes each classification of crazy conduct. † (ROPER v. SIMMONS, (03-633) 543 U. S. 551 2005) The subsequent distinction is, â€Å"that they are increasingly defenseless against negative impacts or outside weights and this could prompt degenerate conduct. † (ROPER v. SIMMONS, (03-633) 543 U. S. 51 2005) Lastly, Kennedy declares that â€Å"the character of an adolescent isn't too shaped as a grown-up and that character attributes in young people are fleeting. † (ROPER v. SIMMONS, (03-633) 543 U. S. 551 2005) Moreover, in view of the relative youthfulness and flippancy of such individuals, Kennedy intelligently takes note of that almost every state bars individuals under 18 from casting a ballot, serving on juries or wedding without parental assent. If so, they ought to likewise be absolved from capital punishment, since adolescents have a more noteworthy case than grown-ups to be excused of conditions that can prompt wrongdoing and freak conduct. What's more, the barrier presented mental and neurological proof indicating that young people, including sixteen-and seventeen-year-olds, need adequate mind and social advancement to have the essential culpability. Despite the fact that the Court perceived that adolescents are less experienced, instructed, and wise than grown-ups in Thompson, the Roper Court is, â€Å"unlikely to discover the insufficiencies of adolescents as extraordinary as those of the intellectually impeded. † (THOMPSON v. OKLAHOMA, 487 U. S. 15 1988) Furthermore, Stanford’s express dissatisfaction with logical evidence proposing that adolescents are less punishable shows that the Court is probably going to discover retaliation can be adequately served. At long last, â€Å"juveniles will probably be seen as reasonably stopped by the danger of capital punishment, particularly since the equivalent psychological and social capacities at issue in Stanford are getting looked at in Roper. † (ATKINS v. VIRGINIA, 536 U. S. at 320. Pp. 5-17) Justice Stevens concurred with the larger part pinion, yet felt constrained to take note of that in light of the fact that our comprehension of the Constitution changes now and again, the Court could properly look at the adjustment in measures to decipher the Eighth Amendment. However Justices O’Connor and Scalia felt that there were evident issues with the Court’s cover administering. They were particularly worried that the Court felt a â€Å"national consensus† against the adolescent capital punishment existed. An enormous number of the American populace are hostile to capital punishment and much increasingly enthusiastic against it with regards to adolescents confronting this sentence. As per Justice Kennedy, 30 states currently deny the adolescent capital punishment †12 that have dispensed with the death penalty by and large and 18 that avoid adolescents from its span. However Justice Scalia impacts this contention noticing, â€Å"that none of the Court’s past cases that managed claimed sacred impediment upon capital punishment has tallied states that have wiped out capital punishment totally. † (ROPER v. SIMMONS, (03-633) 543 U. S. 51 2005) Justice O’Connor includes that the â€Å"halting pace of change† in this circumstance is far not quite the same as the â€Å"extraordinary wave of administrative action† that went before the court’s controlling in Atkins. This gives the protesters â€Å"reason to pause,† in light of the fact that the national opinion doesn't appear as concrete as Justice Kennedy declares. Nonetheless, the 5-4 Supreme Court choice in Roper v. Simmons now forestalls anybody younger than 18 fr om being executed. The contradicting assessments likewise centered around the Court’s thinking that adolescents are â€Å"categorically less punishable than the normal crook. The two Justices can't help contradicting this thinking, and Justice O’Connor calls attention to that however a multi year old killer is regularly less dependable than a grown-up, doesn't mean he could be adequately at fault to justify capital punishment. O’Connor brings up that Simmons gloated he could â€Å"get away with murder† in light of his age. Giving an indication that he was not dissuaded by the possibility of the death penalty. The way that everything about arranged ahead of time clarifies how Simmons has an awareness physically more corrupted than that of the normal killer. Equity Scalia refers to an amicus brief by the American Psychological Association, which contended, â€Å"Adolescents had powerful aptitudes in thinking about good predicaments and understanding social guidelines and laws†¦ and could settle on choices like having a premature birth without parental endorsement. † (APA 2004) Surely, if adolescents are full grown enough to settle on a fetus removal, they can be sufficiently developed to submit murder. Besides, Scalia talked about the amici briefs depict, â€Å"Additional instances of murders submitted by people under 18 that include genuinely gigantic acts. (APA 2004) While adolescent executions are uncommon, Justices O’Connor and Scalia accept that it was a mix-up to boycott them totally. In their psyche, not exclusively are a few young people fit for grievous acts, they ought to be rebuffed in like manner. References American Psychological Association. Roper. D. P. v. Simmons, C. (2004). Brief from the Psychologica l Association, Missouri Psychological Association. as Amici Curiae supporting respondent July 2004. Recovered May 20, 2011 from apa. organization/about/workplaces/ogc/amicus/roper. pdf ATKINS v. VIRGINIA, 536 U. S. 320 (2002) Retrieved May 20, 2011 from FindLaw: http://caselaw. findlaw. com/va-incomparable court/1427407. html ROPER v. SIMMONS, (03-633) 543 U. S. 551 (2005) 112 S. W. 3d 397, avowed Retrieved May 20, 2011 from law. cornell. edu/supct/html/03-633. ZD1. html STANFORD v. KENTUCKY, 492 U. S. 361 (1989) Retrieved May 20, 2011 from FindLaw: http://laws. findlaw. com/us/492/361. html THOMPSON v. OKLAHOMA, 487 U. S. 815 (1988) Retrieved May 20, 2011 from FindLaw: http://laws. findlaw. com/us/487/815. html

The Cockroach Theory for Self Development

The Cockroach Theory for Self Development At a restaurant, a cockroach suddenly flew from somewhere and sat on a lady.She started screaming out of fear.With a panic stricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping, with both her hands desperately trying to get rid of the cockroach. Her reaction was contagious, as everyone in her group also got panicky.The lady finally managed to push the cockroach away but it landed on another lady in the group.Now, it was the turn of the other lady in the group to continue the drama.The waiter rushed forward to their rescue. In the relay of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon the waiter.The waiter stood firm, composed himself and observed the behavior of the cockroach on his shirt. When he was confident enough, he grabbed it with his fingers and threw it out of the restaurant.Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, the antenna of my mind picked up a few thoughts and started wondering, was the cockroach responsible for their histrionic behavior?If so, then why was the waiter not disturbed? He handled it near to perfection, without any chaos.It is not the cockroach, but the inability of those people to handle the disturbance caused by the cockroach, that disturbed the ladies.I realized that, it is not the shouting of my father or my boss or my wife that disturbs me, but its my inability to handle the disturbances caused by their shouting that disturbs me.Its not the traffic jams on the road that disturbs me, but my inability to handle the disturbance caused by the traffic jam that disturbs me.More than the problem, its my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.Speech by Sundar Pichai an IIT-MIT Alumnus and Global Head Google Chrome Submitted by MC

Habits and Traits of Hobo Spiders (Tegenaria agrestis)

The hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, is native to Europe, where it is considered harmless. But in North America, where it was introduced, people seem to believe the hobo spider is among the most dangerous creatures we can encounter in our homes. Its time to set the record straight about the hobo spider. Hobo Spider Description The features that distinguish Tegenaria agrestis from other similar-looking spiders are only visible under magnification. Arachnologists identify hobo spiders by examining their genitalia (reproductive organs), chelicerae (mouthparts), setae (body hairs), and eyes with a microscope. Directly stated, you cannot accurately identify a hobo spider by its color, markings, shape, or size, nor can you identify Tegenaria agrestis with the naked eye alone. The hobo spider is generally brown or rust in color, with a chevron or herringbone pattern on the dorsal side of the abdomen. This is not considered a diagnostic trait, however, and cannot be used to identify the species. Hobo spiders are medium in size (up to 15 mm in body length, not including the legs), with females slightly larger than males. Hobo spiders are venomous, but not considered dangerous in their native European range. In North America, hobo spiders have been considered a species of medical concern for the past several decades, although there doesnt seem to be any scientific evidence to support such an assertion about Tegenaria agrestis. No studies have proven that hobo spider venom causes necrosis of the skin in humans, as is often claimed. In fact, there has only been one documented case of a person developing skin necrosis after a hobo spider bite, and that patient had other medical issues also known to cause necrosis. Additionally, spider bites are extremely rare, and hobo spiders are no more inclined to bite a human than any other spider you might encounter. Think You Found a Hobo Spider? If you are concerned that you may have found a hobo spider in your home, there are a few things you can observe  to be sure your mystery spider is not a hobo spider. First, hobo spiders never have dark bands on their legs. Second, hobo spiders dont have two dark stripes on the cephalothorax. And third, if your spider has a shiny orange cephalothorax and smooth, shiny legs, it is not a hobo spider. Classification Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily – AgelenidaeGenus – TegenariaSpecies - agrestis Diet Hobo spiders hunt other arthropods, primarily insects but sometimes other spiders. Life Cycle The hobo spider life cycle is believed to live  as long as three years in inland areas of North America, but just one year in coastal areas. Adult hobo spiders usually die in the fall after reproducing, but some adult females will overwinter. Hobo spiders reach adulthood and sexual maturity in the summer. Males wander in search of mates. When he finds a female in her web, the male hobo spider will approach her with caution so hes not mistaken as prey. He knocks at the funnel entrance by tapping a pattern on her web, and retreats and advances several times until she seems receptive. To finish his courtship of her, the male will add silk to her web. In early fall, mated females produce up to four egg sacs of up to 100 eggs each. The mother hobo spider attaches each egg sac to the underside of an object or surface. The spiderlings emerge the following spring. Special Behaviors and Defenses Hobo spiders belong to the family Agelenidae, known as the funnel-web spiders or funnel weavers. They construct horizontal webs with a funnel-shaped retreat, usually to one side, but sometimes in the center of the web. Hobo spiders tend to stay on or near the ground and wait for prey from within the safety of their silk retreats. Habitat Hobo spiders typically inhabit wood piles, landscape beds, and similar areas where they can construct their webs. When found near structures, theyre often seen in basement window wells or other darker, protected areas near the foundation. Hobo spiders dont usually live indoors, but occasionally make their way into peoples home. Look for them in the darkest corners of the basement, or along the perimeter of the basement floor. Range The hobo spider is native to Europe. In North America, Tenegaria agrestis is well-established in the Pacific Northwest, as well as parts of Utah, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and British Columbia. Other Common Names Some people call this species the aggressive house spider, but there is no truth to this characterization. Hobo spiders are quite docile, and only bite if provoked or cornered. Its believed that someone christened the spider with this misnomer, thinking the scientific name agrestis meant aggressive, and the name stuck. In fact, the name agrestis comes from the Latin for rural. Its also worth noting that an August 2013 analysis of European funnel-web spiders reclassified the hobo spider as Eratigena agrestis. But because this is not yet widely used, weve chosen to use the previous scientific name Tenegaria agrestis for the time being. Sources Vetter, Rick L, and Art Antonelli. How to Identify (and Misidentify) the Hobo Spider. UC Riverside and Washington State University.Hobo Spider.  UC IPM Online,  May 2006.Hobo Spiders (Tenegaria agrestis). Utah State University Extension.Myth: How to Recognize Hobo Spiders.  Burke Museum.Mullen, Gary R, and Lance A. Durden.  Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009.Russell, Richard C, Domenico Otranto, and Richard L. Wall.  The Encyclopedia of Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Wallingford: CABI, 2013.Family Agelenidae - Funnel Weavers. BugGuide.Net.

Brave New World Embrace Misfits - 1407 Words

Embrace misfits? People in todays society tend to be normal and have a place to fit into our society. However, there are those who are abnormal and do not fit. In todays social order, it is normal for those who fit and those who do not fit to co-exist. In the novel Brave New World, those who do not fit are cast out onto an island far away from civilization. Those who are cast out are referred to as misfits. Looking at Aldous Huxleys novel Brave New World as a guide, should we embrace or shun the misfits in our own world? When a world is manipulated it is insufficient and flawed since those who have created it are imperfect. There are different types of misfits in the book Brave New World. They represent and†¦show more content†¦Her room mate Fanny remarks They say somebody made a mistake when he was still in the bottle Ââ€" thought he was a gamma and put alcohol into his blood-surrogate. Thats why hes so stunted.(Huxley 46) Bernard must deal with the defect of not being proper height. This causes him to have less sex and be mocked by other citizens who fit in. Bernard becomes a rebel when he thinks against the order of the world state. When the Character refuses to take the soma, he is overwhelmed with bad feelings and a sense of self-consciousness that restricts his performance in the world state. Secondly, another physical outcast in Brave New World is Linda, a beta female who gets pregnant and forgotten about in a reservation. On the reservation, she had become old and unpleasantly overweight. When she returns to the world state students are frightened and disgusted by her. When her physical appearance causes her a sense of unhappiness she takes an over dose amount of soma and kills herself. Thirdly, her child John, kills himself in the end of the novel. He is also a misfit due to his natural birth. When he lives on the reservation, he is an outcast because he is not of the aboriginal race. In hopes that he will be accepted into the world state John says Oh brave new world that has such people in it. Lets start at once(Huxley 141). John believes that in the world state he will find hisShow MoreRelatedMary and Max9879 Words   |  40 PagesHer father is distant and her alcoholic, kleptomaniac mother provides no support. The closest thing she has to a friend is the man for whom Mary collects mail, Len Hislop, a World War II veteran who lost his legs as a prisoner of war and has developed agoraphobia. One day, she decides to write a letter to someone living in New York City: by pure chance she chooses Max Jerry Horowitz (Philip Seymour Hoffman) from a telephone directory. Max turns out to be a morbidly obese 44-year-old whose variousRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesMarriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect of andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesorder to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen

The Business Enterprise Trust DO MOTOROLA Free Essays

The Business Enterprise Trust DO MOTOROLA (A) T he vote was eleven to one and Robert Galvin stood alone. It was 1979 and Galvin, the CEO and President of electronics giant Motorola, had just proposed to his Board of Directors that the firm make an extraordinary commitment to training its workers — from executives to shop floor employees. He recommended establishing a department devoted to educating employees with one major goal: improving product quality. We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Enterprise Trust DO MOTOROLA or any similar topic only for you Order Now Galvin had made the proposal in response to the rapid change and increasing competitiveness that engulfed the electronics industry in the late 1970s. The rate of innovation was staggering; most technical knowledge became obsolete within five years. International firms, most notably from Japan, were emerging as formidable competitors to U. S. companies such as Motorola. But the Motorola Board, concerned with the time and financial resources such training would require, was not swayed by Galvin’s arguments. With Motorola still competitive in the industry and budgets tight, the other eleven Directors all voted against the expansion in training. As Chairman, Galvin knew he had the power to overturn the Board’s decision. Training was something he felt strongly about, but was this a battle worth fighting? T NO This case was researched by Stephanie Weiss and written by Matt Kelemen, under the supervision of Kathleen A. Meyer, executive director of The Business Enterprise Trust. 9-996-051 CO PY Motorola In 1979, Motorola was one of the world’s leading manufacturers of electronic equipment and components with $2. 7 billion in sales (Exhibit 1: 1979 Earnings Statement). The company designed, manufactured and sold products ranging from semiconductors to stereo tape players. Copyright  © 1997 by The Business Enterprise Trust. The Business Enterprise Trust is a national non-profit organization that honors exemplary acts of courage, integrity and social vision in business. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise – without the permission of The Business Enterprise Trust. Please call (415) 321-5100 or write The Business Enterprise Trust, 204 Junipero Serra Blvd. , Stanford, CA 94305. Harvard Business School Publishing is the exclusive distributor of this publication. To order copies or to request permission to photocopy, please call (800) 545-7685 or write Harvard Business School Publishing, Customer Service Dept. , 60 Harvard Way, Boston, MA 02163. Motorola (A) 9-996-051 immortal words of Neil Armstrong — â€Å"That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. † The younger Galvin’s approach to Motorola’s growth mirrored that of his father. Always trying to anticipate change in the industry, Robert Galvin believed that the company’s employees were its biggest asset. Well before the Japanese concept of â€Å"teaming† was in vogue in other American ompanies, Galvin put teams of employees in charge of their own work, requiring them to monitor productivity, service and costs, and then rewarding them for improvements. Motorola was one of the first large U. S. manufacturing companies to give employees significant leadership responsibility. In so doing, it abandoned the classic, hierarchical fac tory organization. Managers encouraged openness and participation on the shop floor. Motorola invested heavily in research and development and gave workers the responsibility to fix problems as they arose. As Motorolan Orhan Karaali, Senior Staff Engineer, explained: DO Employer to over 75,000 â€Å"Motorolans,† the company operated 27 major facilities around the globe. The multinational powerhouse had been created a half-century earlier as Galvin Manufacturing, a start-up battery business that Paul Galvin and his brother Joseph launched in Schaumburg, Illinois in 1928. By 1930, the team had made their first breakthrough developing affordable car radios. Over the next 25 years, Paul led the company into new markets, patenting the first portable two-way FM radio, better known as the walkie-talkie. In 1947, he changed the company’s name to Motorola n recognition of the car radios that remained the flagship product. At the same time, he was envisioning new frontiers, initiating semiconductor research long before Motorola’s competitors realized their importance. While bolstering the product line, Paul Galvin also nurtured an â€Å"industrial family† within his company. In 1937, six years before Galvin Manufacturing’s first public stock offering (at $8. 50 per share), the founder offered factory workers the chance to buy company stock. Galvin even rewarded workers who used their annual bonuses to purchase company stock with an extra stock bonus. He provided good benefits for his employees and looked out for their well-being. The result was a loyal and trusting workforce who saw no need to unionize. In 1956, Paul Galvin turned over the presidency of Motorola to his son Robert. When the elder Galvin died three years later, Robert became CEO, a post he would hold for three decades. Robert Galvin oversaw Motorola’s entry into numerous new businesses, including television, 8-track tapes, remote paging, microprocessors and cellular telephones. Still a pioneer, Motorola developed the first radio pager in 1969, the first television priced nder $200 and technology that made the automobile alternator possible. Under Robert Galvin’s leadership, Motorola’s sales and profits soared as the company became an international leader in the electronics market. As a crowning achievement to the firm’s ascendancy, a Motorola transponder relayed to the world the NO T â€Å"At Motorola, you do whatever is necessary to ge t the job done. Not too many memos flying around. Not too much politics. It is more concentrated on our goals. † CO With this culture firmly established, Galvin focused next on training to give employees the skills nd confidence needed to excel in a participatory environment. PY Corporate Training In the 1970s, most corporate training opportunities were reserved for senior management. Companies tended to use training as a reward for executives who already performed well. These executive education programs, which mimicked MBA programs, typically were contracted out to universities. Using a case-study approach, they focused on management basics like strategy, finance and marketing. Motorola’s training effort at the time was no exception. The Motorola Executive Institute, launched in the late 1960s, sent a handful of ompany executives to an intensive, month-long 2 Motorola (A) 9-996-051 program focused on business administration skills. Ultimately, however, Galvin was disa ppointed with the Institute’s results, as the firm’s practices remained largely unchanged. Galvin realized that these executive training efforts did not â€Å"touch† the whole workforce and did not create a culture of constant change and renewal. He explained: DO â€Å"We realized we had to be competitive one person at a time, counterpart to counterpart, to be the best in our specific function versus anyone else in our business. † T NO Increasing Competition Galvin’s desire to bring competitiveness to each and every employee stemmed from his understanding of the changing nature of the electronics industry. In the 1970s, the industry was growing and diversifying rapidly. New competitors, primarily from Asia, but from European countries as well, were entering the market. Other U. S. companies like Texas Instruments, General Electric and National Semiconductor were all jockeying for a larger share of the increasingly competitive export market. New consumer and communications products were being introduced each year. To compete and prosper in the technology sector, Galvin knew that his workers needed more — and better — training. When Motorola’s Board members voiced their reservations to Galvin’s plan for expanded employee training, Galvin faced a dilemma. If he accepted the Board’s counsel, the company might waste critical resources — both time and money — and fall behind as the pace of technological change increased. If he pushed for investment in training, he might jeopardize Motorola’s short-term performance and competitive position. As both CEO and the largest individual shareholder, the final decision was his alone. PY CO 3 Motorola (A) 9-996-051 Exhibit 1 DO T NO PY CO 4 How to cite The Business Enterprise Trust DO MOTOROLA, Essay examples

Portraits Of Ingres And Reynolds Essays - Military Personnel

Portraits of Ingres and Reynolds The portrait. A single person immortalized forever on canvas. At first glance, you only see the subject. With a more analytical eye, though, you not only see the image but you begin to hear the voice of the painter and of his time. This is what I hope to do, to feel and understand the mind of the painter Ingres when he painted Louis-Francois Bertin and Reynolds when he painted General John Burgoyne. In the portrait of Bertin, Ingres has captured on canvas a man who has never been pampered in his life. You feel by looking at him that this is a man who has worked for everything that he has ever received in his life. Why do you feel this, though? Let's begin with the colors chosen for this piece. The colors revolve around brown, giving you the impression of something very down to earth. The background of the painting is basically one solid brown. Bertin occupies the whole bottom section of the painting, with nothing of his body going above three-fourths of the canvas. He is the ground, below even the earth tones of the background. He has on a black suit, brown vest, and white shirt, as well. These colors working together allow you to make certain assumptions about him. He looks like a working man, which he was. ?Louis-Francois Bertin (1766-1841), was one of the great leaders of the French upper middle class, a businessman and a journalist? (Rosenblum, 134). This would explain the one striking color in the piece, the red. Bertin is sitting on a red cushion, red being a color classically associated with royalty. This could be a commentary on Bertin's life on a whole. His journal, the Journal des Debats was a strong supporter of liberal journalism in a time when France, the monarchs from the self proclaimed Napoleon Bonaparte to King Charles X, wanted the return of an absolute monarch in France. The people were not happy with this and Bertin's newspaper spread this displeasure. Bertin was even exiled for a period of time by Napoleon Bonaparte for his royalist views. He wanted a constitutional monarch set up. But, after the fall of Bonaparte, Bertin returned and continued his life, prospering. Monet even called this portrait ?the Buddha of bourgeoisie? (Rosenblum, 134). This portrait should be looked upon as the pinnacle image of the bourgeoisie of the time. On the other hand, there may be less of a social commentary and more of a character commentary in Reynolds' portrait of General Burgoyne. In this portrait, the color scheme of the General's body matches that of the background, especially of the battle in the lower left. By the red of his coat, you can probably tell that the General was a member of the British army in the era of the American Revolution or during the colonization of America. This color matches the color of the blood in the background. The gray complexion of the General is also like the smoke and the sky in the background, but they are different shades. The gray used for the skin of Burgoyne has a slight pink coloration. After all, this man is human. The black lining of the General's clothes also matches the color of the background people. This matching of the background and the General either tells us one of two things. This could say to us that the General is, in his body, action personified. Within him contains the heat of battle, yet he holds this turmoil nobly, as a calm and relaxed figure. Another view could be that he is completely detached from the battle. Who in their right mind would stand like that, completely clean and well groomed, in the heat of battle? He is not participating in anything around him. This is arguable from both sides by the way that the General is standing. The General is standing there engaging neither the violence that is occurring behind him nor the people that are and will be looking at his portrait. This is either a calm or collected person or an arrogant person. Maybe both. He cares nothing for anything around him. This may be a commentary on

Septic Shock Essay Example

Septic Shock Essay Example Septic Shock Paper Septic Shock Paper In this essay septic shock and Its complications will be analyzed wealth the Immunological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory and renal (Including the acid-base) systems. This essay will contain the general discussion of homeostasis and will study the homeostasis responses to septic shock In each system. Sepsis and Septic Shock sepsis may be defined as the state In which a person Is suffering from an Infection that causes a number of important physiological changes: namely high fever and pulse, elevated respiratory rate, and elevated white blood cell count. Sepsis occurs when the body mounts a massive immune response to an infection. Usually the infection is caused by a bacteria that emits a toxin which causes the immune response. The problem is that the same chemicals that the body uses to fight the toxin also cause negative effects on the circulatory system, eventually leading to lowering of blood pressure and hypertension of the vital organs. This is illustrated well in our example with Mrs.. Little who shows the characteristic increase in pulse and fall in blood pressure. This is causing hypertension of key organs, such as the rain and lungs, which is resulting in some of the symptoms of early septic shock such as shortness of breath and confusion. Septic shock is said to exist when the patient is unable to maintain blood pressure despite all resuscitation efforts and the hypertension is causing end organ damage. Unchecked, septic shock can cause numerous problems including multiple organ failure and respiratory failure (Health A-Z). Indeed, Mrs.. Little is in grave danger. In fact, septic shock is the most common cause of death in hospital critical care units. In the United States septic shock counts for 100,000 deaths per year (Traitor Grosbeaks). Ironically, hospital treatment itself may often be the cause of septic shock, as It is often seen In severely Ill patients with suppressed immune systems (for example cancer patients on chemotherapy) who contract an Infection while undergoing treatment. Homeostasis: The human body internal environment Is composed of cells, tissues, organs and other systems (Martini). External surroundings continuously affect the body Internal environment and the human body must use homeostasis control mechanisms to malting a stable environment. The majority of Illnesses which affect homeostasis are mild and temporary (such as a mild or moderate fever however at times, when serious changes in the body occur, the alteration of homeostasis may become Intense and prolonged and in some instances may even fail and result in death. In order to prevent tons Trot unappealing positive Ana negative Teacake systems allow ten DOD condition to be repeatedly monitored, evaluated and changed (Traitor Grosbeaks). Feedback systems include three basic components; a receptor, a control centre, and an effecter. Receptors are an important part in feedback systems because they monitor changes within controlled conditions (blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose level, etc. ). Any disruption in a controlled system (stimulus) then sends nerve impulses or chemical signals to the control centre. At the control centre the body recognizes the set values that the controlled conditions should be at and that processed information is then sent to the effecter in ways of nerve impulses, hormones or other chemical signals. The effecter then responds to the information sent from the control system and any changes that need to be made to the controlled condition occur. When information is received by the control centre it can send an output to the effecter in one of two ways. It can either oppose the change in the controlled condition which displays a negative feedback loop or it can reinforce the change which occurs in a positive feedback loop (Traitor Grosbeaks). Negative feedback systems are involved in the majority of homeostasis control loops because they stabilize and reverse a change in a controlled condition which is usually what the body wants to achieve in homeostasis (Patten). When a receptor detects a change in a controlled condition it sends an input to the control centre. In a negative feedback system the control centre will recognize the problem that has occurred and will alter the controlled condition back to its regular state. Some examples of negative feedback systems include blood pressure and body temperature. The negative feedback system will regulate blood pressure and body temperature back to its normal state that it should be within the body. However in positive feedback the outcome is the opposite. Although both feedback systems work in the same way positive feedback systems strengthen and reinforce the problem rather then oppose he change (Traitor Grosbeaks). Positive feedbacks are not as common in the body but they still play a very important role. Unlike negative feedback systems that bring the body back to its normal state, positive feedback systems send output from the control center to the effecter that will enhance the change in the body. The action of the positive feedback system will continue until it is interrupted by some mechanism outside the system. Positive feedbacks become important in situations like child birth and blood clotting. In blood clotting platelets are enforced to rapidly stick together. Although this is usually abnormal, it is important that this occurs so that blood can clot and serious bleeding is avoided. Another example of a positive feedback mechanism is child birth, where levels of the hormone extinction are increased by the brain in response to stimulation of the womans cervix by the baby. Extinction causes the smooth muscles of the uterus to contract more forcefully, further stimulating the cervix, causing more oxidation to be released, and so on until the baby is delivered In order to survive, every living organism must maintain homeostasis (Martini). To regulate changes that may occur to the body (Martini). When problems such as septic shock occur, proper homeostasis is crucial to survival. However, in septic shock bacteria and toxins can have a big impact on the human body and if homeostasis can not be maintained and the problem is not caught early enough homeostasis can become seriously altered, and death can ensue. Immune System: Malignantly instantaneous requires ten correlated efforts AT many Day mechanisms and systems. One such system is the immune system, which is designed to ward off millions of disruptive pathogens that may assault our bodies such as bacteria, virus and parasites. The immune system works closely with the lymphatic system in the body fight against infection. The lymphatic system is responsible for three major primary functions; transporting dietary fluid, draining excess interstitial fluid, and carrying out immune responses (Traitor Grosbeaks, 2003). The lymphatic system is a network of lymphatic vessels transporting fluid called lymph and also contains many structures and organs containing lymphatic tissue. Lymphatic vessels transport lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K) to the blood that are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract (Traitor Grosbeaks, 2003). The lymphatic vessels within this system also drain excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and then return it to the blood. The lymphatic capillaries are unique because they permit interstitial fluid to flow into the capillary but not out. The Interstitial fluid enters the capillaries when the pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater then in the lymph. When this occurs the cells slightly separate allowing the interstitial fluid to enter into the lymphatic capillary. However, if the pressure is high in the lymphatic capillaries the cells adhere more closely and the lymph cannot escape back into the interstitial lid. In the case where there is excess lymphatic fluid cells open more widely so that it is able to flow into the lymphatic capillary. This overload of fluid will result in tissue swelling (Traitor Grosbeaks, 2003). The third main function of the immune system is to carry out immune responses. The blood circulating in our body contains three classes of lymphocytes including T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. T cells destroy foreign cells directly and stimulate or inhibit the activities of other lymphocytes. B cells differentiate into plasma cells and secrete antibodies that rotate us from disease by attacking foreign cells and natural killer cells attack a wide variety of infectious microbes (Martini). Just as these cells destroy foreign cells, two main phagocytes called interruption and macrophages ingest bacteria and dispose of dead matter through a process called phagocytes. Phagocytes is the process in which foreign agents are ingested and destroyed (Traitor Grosbeaks, 2003). An adequate immune system promptly recruits interruption, macrophages, lymphocytes, and antibodies to the site of infection to prevent host colonization. Through histograms these cells neutralize and eliminate microbes and their toxins. However, if these host defenses are overpowered by pathogens septic shock may follow (Cancer nursing). As the process of septic shock advances, it becomes increasingly difficult for the body to maintain homeostasis. The immune system becomes overwhelmed as it frantically attempts to prevent the spread of infection and toxin to other tissues. Moreover, the bacterial toxins hamper the body immune system response. We see in our example how Mrs.. Littlest blood work indicates an elevated white blood cell count, with increased interruption. This is indicative off significant bacterial infection and subsequent inflammatory and immune response (Traitor and Grosbeaks, 2003). Mrs.. Little is displaying systemic inflammation as her body is trying to restore homeostasis by disposing of toxins and foreign material to prevent their spread to other tissues. When this occurs there is movement of phagocytes from the blood into the interstitial fluid and the normal homeostasis mechanism AT railing Interstitial Toll Ana restoring It to near circulating volume cannot be achieved. Her blood pressure naturally falls as her circulating volume is depleted. This results in tissue hypertension and further inflammation. Gastrointestinal system: Nutrients are needed to achieve homeostasis by building new body tissues, repairing damaged tissues and to gain chemical energy needed for our body to function. In order to attain these nutrients the gastrointestinal system breaks down consumed food into molecules through digestion. In order for digestion to take place the digestive system has six basic processes including ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption and defecation (Traitor Grosbeaks, 2003). These six major functions take place throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the human body. Through the gastrointestinal tract foods are broken down and then the majority of nutrients from these foods are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa. These nutrients are then passed into the blood or lymph and circulate to cells throughout the body (Married). Since the gastrointestinal system contributes to homeostasis by absorbing water, minerals, and vitamins needed for growth and function of body tissues and eliminates wastes from body tissues in feces there are many blood vessels that allow nutrients to be delivered and wastes to be expelled (Torah Grosbeaks, 2003). In order to carry out all of these functions, the human digestive system must have an extensive blood supply. Thus, in septic shock, and the subsequent drop in blood pressure that ensues, the digestive organs suffer considerable hypertension (cancer nursing and Medicine plus). Because the gastrointestinal system is highly vascular it is more sensitive to the decrease in blood pressure and blood flow and in result there is a decrease in gastrointestinal mobility, and more ominously there can be actual tissue necrosis as portions of the bowel become chemic and die (cancer nursing). Mrs.. Littlest X-ray indicates that she has free air under her diaphragm which almost certainly is a result of this process as her bowels are likely leaking air as they deteriorate from the lack of blood supply. As well as providing nutrients and expelling wastes to maintain homeostasis the gastrointestinal system actually contributes to homeostasis in the respiratory system. The pressure of the abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity actually exerts a pressure against the diaphragm, which helps expel air quickly during a forced exhalation. Any serious injury to the abdominal organs, such as an chemic one, causes less motility in the bowels and even the leakage of air which can both directly affect their ability to support the diaphragm in respiration (Traitor Grosbeaks, 2003). In our example, Mrs.. Little is experiencing abdominal pain which is likely on the basis of hypertension of her gut with subsequent schemas. There may even be direct infection of her bowels and other abdominal organs, causing inflammation and pain. Cardiovascular system: The cardiovascular system consists of three main components responsible for many homeostasis mechanisms in the body. These three components include blood, the heart, and blood vessels. Blood is responsible for transporting substances, regulating processes throughout the body and protecting against disease. The heart then pumps the blood to the body through blood vessels where the blood then exchanges materials needed for the human body regular function (Traitor). Is composed AT two mall types AT cells, wanly assaults ten allover AT materials useful to the body. These two cells include white blood cells and red blood cells. White blood cells (leukocytes) are the main cells of the body that destroy pathogens and any foreign substances entering the body. Among white blood cells, interruption exposed most quickly to bacterial infection. Interruption normally make up 55%-70% of white blood cells while in a complete blood count the normal amount of white blood cells in the blood is 4. 8-10. Xx per liter (traitor). In situations of extreme stress however, such as in a severe bacterial infection, the body releases very immature white blood cells called band cells (named because of their band or horse- shoe shaped nucleus). These band cells will increase the overall number of white blood cells and help to fight the infection. Red Blood cells (erythrocytes), unlike white blood cells, are shaped like biconcave CICS and are highly specialized for oxygen transport. Hemoglobin, which is a major component of red blood cells and serves to assist in the carrying of oxygen, gives erythrocytes their characteristic red color. Hemoglobin is crucial for homeostasis because in order for the body to maintain its regular state hemoglobin must deliver enough oxygen to other parts of the body for proper function. Hemoglobin arises from red bone marrow Just as platelets do. Platelets are also essential to the body because they protect the body by clotting blood after injury so that bleeding stops quickly in a controlled manner (Traitor). Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets are all very important to the body but in order for them to reach their targets the heart must pump them through two closed circuits: the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary circulation moves degenerated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, while the systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the aorta to all organs of the body and then delivers the degenerated blood back to the right atrium of the heart (traitor). In order to pump blood through these circuits there must be a difference of pressure so that blood can flow from regions of high pressure to regions of lower pressure. This force of pressure which is exerted by blood against the walls of the heart is known as blood pressure. Blood pressure is influenced by the elasticity in the vessel walls. The more dilated the vessels are the lower the blood pressure will be (Traitor). The normal blood pressure of a middle-aged adult is 120/might and if it is dramatically decreased or increased blood flow will be disrupted throughout the body (fundamentals). Along with blood pressure, heart rate assists in pumping the blood through the body. The regular heart rate is anywhere from 60 -beats/min. The amount of blood expelled by the heart with each contraction is known as the stroke volume and the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute is called the cardiac output. Stroke volume and cardiac output are both directly affected by ones heart rate. In the short term, lowering ones heart rate will lead too drop in blood pressure, while raising it causes blood pressure to increase. In this respect, heart rate is another important homeostasis mechanism (Traitor). In Mrs.. Littlest case, a major disruption of homeostasis within the cardiovascular system has taken place. Shock is a critical medical condition caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure. Septic shock occurs when antitoxins are released from certain bacteria Into ten D stream. I nose toxins Interact Walt our Immune system to cause vacillation and a subsequent drop in blood pressure (Webster). In Mrs.. Littlest case her blood pressure has dropped significantly to 80/might as a result of sepsis. As well, in an effort to maintain homeostasis, her pulse rate has increased to a tachycardia of 120 in an attempt to raise her blood pressure (fundamentals). As hypertension and tissue hypertension continue, the effect on the body organ systems (like we saw with the digestive system) can be profound. We see in our example that Mrs.. Little is confused, has clammy and cold skin and is mildly hypothermia with a body temperature of 35 degrees Celsius. All of these findings can be explained by tissue hypertension secondary to hypertension caused by sepsis. She is confused because her brain is being hypertrophied and is not getting the oxygen it needs to maintain a normal level of consciousness. Her skin as well is hypertrophied, looking mottled and feeling cool to the touch. Her fall in body imperative is likely secondary to skin hypertension, but also to a breakdown in the homeostasis mechanisms in the brain that regulate temperature (cancer nursing). Mrs.. Little is also experiencing some of the characteristic abnormalities seen in the blood as a result of septic shock. While sepsis normally causes an elevation, at least originally, in white blood cell count, often this leukocytes changes to a leukemia, or relative lack of white blood cells, as the disease progresses. Sometimes this interruption is a pre-existing condition, such as with some chemotherapy patients or people with immune deficiency conditions. In other cases the interruption develops as the sepsis worsens and the white cells are used up inn an effort to fight the infection. In any event, interruption is regarded as a serious problem in sepsis since it means that the immune systems ability to fight off the offending pathogen has been overwhelmed. Whereas a normal white blood count is 4. 8-10. Xx per liter Mrs.. Littlest white blood count in our example is 2. , a significant interruption with 70% interruption and 20% bands(Traitor). While the elevated band count does indicate an attempt to fight the infection, because there is a decrease in the white load cells there are still not enough interruption to destroy the pathogens. We also see in Mrs.. Littlest blood that her platelet and hemoglobin levels are falling. This is also a common finding in advanced sepsis and is caused by a varie ty of factors. To begin with, the hypertension and schemas at the tissue level causes a lot of leaking of fluids from the blood vessels and organs. Platelets are used up in an effort to plug the vascular leaks, and hemoglobin is lost as the blood leaks out. As well, the general hypertension directly affects the bone marrow, as do the bacterial toxins. Since platelets and hemoglobin are produced in the marrow, they cannot be replaced at a fast enough rate (Midlines). It is not hard to imagine the significant effect this lack of hemoglobin especially will have on homeostasis as the body systems, already struggling with hypertension secondary to low blood pressure, now have to survive without adequate hemoglobin supplies and thus inadequate oxygenation. Respiratory system: Blood contains many gases that are transported between the lungs and body cells in the cardiovascular system whereas the respiratory is responsible for the exchange of gases, oxygen (02) and carbon dioxide (CA). Gas exchange within our body is very important and occurs in three basic steps: pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, Ana Internal respiration (littoral). Pulmonary ventilation occurs when we inhale and exhale air into the lungs. The air which we inhale is then involved in gas exchange in external respiration. In this process there is an exchange of gases between the spaces in the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries where blood gains 02 and loses CA. After the blood gains 02 through the pulmonary capillaries oxygen is delivered to the tissue cells through the systemic blood in internal respiration. The blood then loses its 02 and gains the CA that is not needed by the body. 02 is a necessity and is used in the body through metabolic reactions where TAP is produced for energy for the body and CA is released. CA may produce an acidic environment toxic to the cells and so it is eliminated right away when oxygen is delivered (Traitor). In order for the blood to deliver oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide it must circulate through the pulmonary circuits as we inhale and exhale. In exhalation as well as inhalation elevation and depression of the diaphragm allows the thoracic cavity to expand during inhalation hen 02 is inhaled into the lungs and contract in exhalation when CA is expelled (Traitor). Abdominal cavities in the GIG tract assist in respiration because it supports the diaphragm so in instances where there are problems in the GIG tract such as in septic shock it may affect breathing if the abdominal cavity can no longer support the diaphragm. Respiration is controlled by respiratory centers that are regulated by nerve impulses being carried to respiratory muscles. This is so rhythm can be modified when certain chemical stimuli measure how quickly and how deeply we breathe (Traitor). Sensory neurons that are responsive to these chemicals stimuli are competitors which monitor CA, H, and 02 levels to ensure they remain constant and respond if they dont (Traitor). If we are not getting enough oxygen to the body or carbon dioxide out of the body these receptors react by either increasing our breathing or decreasing our breathing to stabilize it. The respiratory system is very important in homeostasis to make sure the body is getting the proper amount of gases needed. However, since Mrs.. Little is suffering from septic shock her Apace levels and Papa levels within her arteries are greatly affected. Since septic shock causes hypertension an increased heart rate results. Due to Mrs.. Littlest increased heart rate it is causing an abnormal deficiency in the concentration of 02 in the arterial blood which is also known as hyperemia (Webster). Hyperemia is evident in Mrs.. Littlest 02 sat which are 89% opposed too regular 100% (fundamentals). In her case her Papa levels have become might from her regular McHugh and she is in desperate need for oxygen (traitor). In order for her body to receive the amount of oxygen necessary homeostasis mechanisms cause her to hyperventilate (increased reheating) causing an excessive intake of 02 while eliminating CA. Since CA is being eliminated from her body her Apace levels have also decreased from might to might. Mrs.. Littlest hyperventilation becomes necessary for survival and due to her hyperventilating her respiratory rate is increasing a large amount to breaths/ min from a regular adult respiration rate of 12-breaths/min (Traitor). Hypertension and heart rate have a big impact on Mrs.. Littlest oxygen rates however if there is a fluid build up that develops in the lungs it also inhibits the passage of oxygen from the air into the blood stream. Through Mrs.. Littlest breath sounds few crackles have been heard which shows that she has a liquid build up in her lungs also Known as pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema can result Trot septic smock due to the increased permeability of the pulmonary capillaries. In septic shock toxins and bacteria are trying to leave the blood through interstitial fluid. Since there are so many toxins and bacteria causing inflammation there is an increase of interstitial fluid which the lymphatic system can not handle. In result the liquid seeps through the pulmonary capillaries which become more permeable due to the toxins and seep onto the lungs (Merck Manual). This fluid in the lungs can become crucial resulting in adult respiratory distress syndrome which is a life-threatening condition. Renal System including acid-base: Acid-base balance within the body is one of the most crucial elements of the homeostasis mechanisms because it regulates pH levels of the body, which is necessary for survival. One main organ of the body that helps maintain pH is the kidneys which are a part of the urinary system. The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two Reuters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra (Traitor Grosbeaks, 2003). The kidneys contribute greatly to the regulation of blood pH which is a (Traitor). The pH of the body indicates the acidity of a solution according to the number of hydrogen ions. The greater amount of hydrogen within a body the more acidic state it is in (below 7. 35) and as the hydrogen count lowers the more basic the solution becomes (above 7. 45) (figure pig. 873 Patton). However, through homeostasis mechanisms the level of pH within our body tries to stay at a stable state between acidic and basic between 7. 35 and 7. 45. These homeostasis mechanisms participating in the regulation of pH include buffer systems, exhalation of carbon oxide and kidney excretion of H+. The buffer systems bind excessive hydrogen ions and prevent acidity within the body (Traitor). If the pH in the body is low and acidic extra hydrogen ions are secreted from the blood into the urine and eliminated from the body. However if the blood pH is to high less amounts of hydrogen ions are excreted through the urine (Patton). As well as hydrogen ions regulating pH HECK also does this by acting as a weak base. With a regular pH of 7. 4 HECK concentration is about meek/liter however Mrs.. Little only has 14. Therefore her pH may be more acidic because her decrease in HECK will not allow any excess basic ions to help regulate the PH. As well as maintaining pH within the body the kidneys are also responsible for regulating blood volume and blood pressure, maintaining blood similarity, producing hormones, regulating blood glucose levels and excreting wastes and foreign substances. Regulating blood volume is very important in homeostasis because adjusting the blood volume in the body also causes a change in blood pressure. The kidneys are able to adjust blood volume by releasing particular amounts of rennin or by conserving or eliminating water in the urine. Therefore if the load volume is to low the kidneys will conserve water to help increase the blood volume as well as the blood pressure which occurs in septic shock (Traitor). Mrs.. Little who is experiencing septic shock is facing the side affects of decreased urinary output because of the result of low blood pressure that occurs in this disorder (medicine). Since blood pressure is so low in the human body during septic shock the kidneys within the renal system conserve liquid to increase the blood volume which in turn will increase blood pressure trying to achieve homeostasis. In result, the kidneys conserve as much liquid as possible causing Mrs.. Little to nave no water to excrete tongue ruler. Mrs.. Little Is also experiencing a slight decrease in her pH level at 7. 15. This is caused in relation to her decrease in urine output. Through homeostasis extra hydrogen ions which cause a decrease in pH are usually eliminated from the body through the urine. However, since Mrs.. Little has no urine output because she is trying to conserve her blood volume as well blood pressure hydrogen ions can not be excreted resulting in her lowered pH (Patton). PH regulation is very important and in result she will be given treatment in order to help he body try and reach a regular homeostasis state. It is very important that she receives treatment immediately because kidney failure may occur which will only decrease urinary output even further (Merck). Conclusion: In conclusion, when external environments affect the body Just as bacteria affects the human body in septic shock homeostasis mechanisms become crucial for ones survival. Through positive and negative feedback systems homeostasis mechanisms must regulate conditions throughout the immunological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal and acid-base system.

Tiempo demora papeles para hijos de ciudadanos EE.UU.

Tiempo demora papeles para hijos de ciudadanos EE.UU. El tiempo que se demora la tarjeta de residencia permanente conocida como green card para los hijos de los ciudadanos americanos depende de diversos factores como la edad y el estado civil, es decir, si estn solteros o casados y, en algunos casos, incluso de la nacionalidad del hijo pedido. En este artà ­culo se explican las tres grandes categorà ­as que determinan los tiempos de demora en las peticiones de padre o madre ciudadano a su hijo o hija: hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, hijos casados de cualquier edad e hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os. Sin embargo, se comienza explicando que, en ocasiones, no es necesario pedir los papeles porque los hijos son ya ciudadanos estadounidenses aà ºn cuando no nacieron en EE.UU. Se finaliza explicando por quà © los mexicanos pueden tardar mucho ms que las personas de otras nacionalidades, el caso de peticiones a hijastros y referencia a peticiones de residentes a hijos. Cundo los hijos de ciudadanos son tambià ©n estadounidenses Antes de iniciar el proceso de solicitar los papeles para los hijos, los ciudadanos estadounidenses deben verificar que dichos hijos no son ya ciudadanos de pleno derecho. Y es que cuando un nià ±o o una nià ±a nacen en otro paà ­s pero tienen padre o madre estadounidense es posible que sean ciudadanos de EE.UU. por derecho de sangre. Cabe destacar que las leyes han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo y que en el pasado se pedà ­an otros requisitos. El documento fundamental para probar la ciudadanà ­a americana en este caso es el reporte consular de nacimiento en el extranjero. Adems, en el caso de adopciones internacionales por parte de un ciudadano, en mayorà ­a de los casos los nià ±os adquieren la ciudadanà ­a americana automticamente. En una minorà ­a de supuestos, los menores ingresar a Estados Unidos como residentes permanentes y se debe tramitar posteriormente solicitud de ciudadanà ­a. Demora de papeles para solteros menores de 21 aà ±os A la hora de pedir la residencia permanente para hijos por parte de ciudadano, la tramitacià ³n ms rpida es la que se hace para los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Se les considera familiares directos del ciudadano y por eso la demora solamente alcanza al tiempo de trmite de los papeles. Dicha demora va a depender de la carga de trabajo en el centro del USCIS al que le corresponda tramitar la solicitud. Asà ­, en el momento en que se escribe este artà ­culo, el centro de Vermont se est demorando entre 4 y 7 meses en tramitar la peticià ³n mientras que el de Potomac, que es el que ms retraso acumula, entre 9 meses y medio y un aà ±o. Cabe destacar que no se puede pedir centro de procesamiento sino que la peticià ³n se tramita en la que toca por ley. Adems, si el hijo est en Estados Unidos y puede ajustar el estatus, despuà ©s de aprobarse la peticià ³n de la solicitud hay que computar el tiempo para el ajuste. Si est fuera de EE.UU. y se sigue el procedimiento consular, hay que calcular unos seis meses desde que se obtiene la aprobacià ³n de la solicitud al momento de finalizar todos los trmites en el consulado. Por à ºltimo, en las peticiones de green card la edad es fundamental. Es importante conocer en quà © casos la edad se congela y se pueden obtener los papeles solicitados y en quà © casos se pierden los derechos. Demora de papeles para hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os En este tipo de peticiones la demora es larga y comprende dos fases. En primer lugar, se trata de esperar a que USCIS apruebe la peticià ³n. Aquà ­ hay grandes diferencias entre los centros de procesamiento. Asà ­, en el momento en que se escribe este artà ­culo el centro de Texas se est demorando entre 6 meses y medio y 8 meses y medio en aprobar o negar la aplicacià ³n. Sin embargo, el centro de Vermont se est demorando entre 67 y 87 meses en tramitar la solicitud de papeles por parte de ciudadano para hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os. Pero es que adems, despuà ©s de la aprobacià ³n por parte de USCIS hay que esperar bastante ms. Esta categorà ­a forma lo que se conoce como Preferencia 1 o F1 de las visas de familia. Se conceden 23.400 por aà ±o fiscal y como hay ms peticiones que visas de inmigrante disponibles en esta categorà ­a, eso quiere decir que hay que esperar a que llegue el turno y se procesen todas las peticiones ms antiguas. Para tener una idea de cunto es en la actualidad esta demora, lo mejor es consultar cada mes el boletà ­n de visas que publica el Departamento de Estado. En el momento de escribir este artà ­culo, en la categorà ­a F1 de hijos solteros de ciudadanos se estn tramitando las peticiones presentadas hace 6 aà ±os y medio para los casos de pedidos de Espaà ±a y de Latinoamà ©rica, excepto Mà ©xico. Para el caso de Mà ©xico, se estn tramitando las peticiones presentadas hace 20 aà ±os. Hijos casados de ciudadanos americanos de cualquier edad Esta categorà ­a se conoce como F3. Tambià ©n se otorgan anualmente un total de 23,400 visados de esta clase. La demora aproximada es de doce aà ±os para los espaà ±oles y latinoamericanos, con la excepcià ³n de los ciudadanos de Mà ©xico, para los que la demora es de 20 aà ±os. Como en el caso anterior se puede consultar las demoras aproximadas consultando el boletà ­n de visas.  ¿Por quà © los mexicanos esperan ms en categorà ­as F1 y F3? La razà ³n por la que la espera de los mexicanos es mayor a la del resto se debe a que no se permite que ningà ºn paà ­s se lleve por aà ±o ms del siete por ciento del total de las visas de inmigrante disponibles para esas categorà ­as. Y como la demanda en Mà ©xico es tan grande por eso se producen estas demoras tan largas. Demora de papeles para hijastros de ciudadanos Los estadounidenses pueden pedir los papeles para la tarjeta de residencia para los hijos de su esposo o de su mujer extranjeros. La condicià ³n fundamental es que el matrimonio haya tenido lugar antes de que los hijastros hubieran cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad. Los requisitos varà ­an si los hijos son solteros y menores de 21 aà ±os o si son mayores de esa edad o estn casados. La situacià ³n diferente de los hijos deresidentes permanentes El caso de los hijos de los residentes permanentes es muy distinto. El tiempo que  se demora la peticià ³n de un residente para sus hijos  es ms larga y adems estn excluidos de las peticiones los hijos casados de cualquier edad. Consejospara migrantes Si se tienen dudas y no se sabe cul es el lugar adecuado para obtener la respuesta, consultar esta lista completa de telà ©fonos a los que marcar, segà ºn el tipo de inquietud que se tiene. Si los hijos estn en edad escolar es conveniente conocer cà ³mo funciona el sistema educativo de los Estados Unidos. Por à ºltimo, es aconsejable tomar este test sobre la residencia permanente porque es una forma fcil y divertida de aprender aspectos fundamentales sobre la green card. Cuando ms se sepa, mejor. Puntos clave demora peticiones papeles de ciudadano para hijo Hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os: aproximadamente 12-18 mesesHijos casados mexicanos: ms de 20 aà ±osHijos casados otros paà ­ses: 6 aà ±os y medio - 7 aà ±osHijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os mexicanos: ms 20 aà ±osHijos solteros mayores 21 aà ±os otros paà ­ses: ms de 12 aà ±os Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Astronomy - Essay Example 4). Explain how type I and Type II. Supernovae occur. 1). The four main grouping of stars as depicted by the Hertzprung- Russel diagram are dwarf (white and red) stars, main sequence grouping stars, giant stars and supergiant stars (p. 142). The white dwarf stars are Sirius B, Wolf 486, Van Maanen's star, Procyon B, Wolf 1346 and 40 Eridani B. The size characteristic of these stars is ranging from 0.008 R to 0.03 R. The stars in the white dwarf category have temperatures ranging from 5,000 K to 25, 000 K. In between the white dwarf stars and the main sequence grouping we have Bernard's star. Bernard's star is a red dwarf. It has a radius of about 0.1 R and 150 L/L. Bernard's star is also the coolest star with temperatures of 2900 K. The white and red dwarf stars have Mv > 15. The main sequence stars are Aldebaran B, Alpha Centauri B, the Sun, Altair, Sirius, Procyon A, Vega, Rigel B, Pollux, Spica B, Spica A, Adara and Capella B. The luminosity class of these stars is V. The size of these stars vary from 1R to 10R. The stars in the main sequence grouping vary from 7,000 L/L to 85,000 L/L. The main sequence grouping stars have temperatures ranging from 3700 K for Aldebaran B to 30,000 K for Adara. The main sequence stars have between 5- 10 Mv. The next sequence of stars are the giants. Included in the giant classification of stars are Capella A, Aldebaran A, Arcturus, Mira and Canopus. The giant classification of stars have radii which vary from 10 R to 100 R. The luminosity class of the giant stars are III. The giant stars have a Mv between 0- 5. The next sequence is the supergiant sequence of stars. This includes Polaris, Deneb, Rigel A and Alnilam. The supergiants temperatures range from 10,000 K to 30,000K. The luminosity class is Ib. The largest stars are Betegeuse and Antares,.Betelgeuse has a size of 1000 R. Antares has a size of about 2000 R. The Mv for these stars is – 5 (p. 143). 2). A star is born from the thin gases of space. When a star is bo rn, there is normally a large cloud of gas and dust. The thin gases of space are known as the interstellar medium ( p. 162). When enough hydrogen is compressed through the gravity of these stars, hydrogen fusion is achieved. In the center core of these stars there is a helium core. A teaspoon of mass of helium from the center of a star would weigh more than a ton. When enough helium is compressed in the center of the star, there is an abrupt explosion of intense magnitude called a helium flash. For this particular moment in time, the center of the newly born star produces more energy per second than an entire grouping of stars. This helium flash causes the center of the star to increase in temperature, whereas a great number of electrons become excited by the reaction. This causes the hydrogen to fuse into helium. At that point, the star is born with a self sustaining hydrogen fusion reaction at its shell. Often there is a helium fusion reaction at the center of the star. The size o f the star is of the utmost importance, stars less than 0.40 solar masses never get enough energy to continue the helium fusion reaction process. Stars which are greater than 3 solar masses experience degeneration at their core before this phenomenon occurs (p. 187). In the star there are two types of fusion reactions, helium fusion at the center and hydrogen fusion at the shell. 3). A star begins to die when the helium fusion which occurs at its center begins to produce carbon, oxygen and neon. As the fusion

Timothy McVeigh Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Timothy McVeigh - Research Paper Example Unarguably, the case of Timothy McVeigh is one of the most infamous and heinous crimes ever committed in the United States. It is second only to the damage wrought by the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York in damage to property lives claimed. What made it particularly significant, however, is the fact that McVeigh is an American citizen, which made his terrorist act homegrown as opposed to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which was perpetrated by foreign terrorists. This paper will explore the criminal theories behind his act as well as in the dynamics of the drama that unfolded in the course of his arrest and trial, which culminated in his execution. This is particularly because there was so little effort to comprehend his act and his motivations because there was a collective clamor for his death and nothing else just so he could no longer repeat his feat. The sentiment was understandable, as McVeigh – throughout the whole affair stood unmoved and unrepentant, coldly defending hi s action as rational and calling the victims â€Å"collateral damage† in his twisted notion of things. ... The tragic event, wrote Stein, effectively â€Å"shattered the mythic invulnerability of the American â€Å"Heartland†Ã¢â‚¬ . (p. 51) McVeigh was apprehended a little over an hour later on a different charge – that of transporting a firearm. â€Å"By August 1995, McVeigh and co-defendant Terry Nichols had been charged with conspiracy, use of weapon of mass destruction, destruction by explosives, and eight counts of first-degree murder.† (Greene and Heilburn 2010, p. 189) When McVeigh was apprehended, along with his cohort, Terry Nichols, America was again shocked to find that these clean-cut men, both served in the country’s armed forces, were responsible for planning and implementing an action that would kill hundreds of their countrymen. In the process, they methodically constructed and detonated bombs, with the plan as some sort of revenge and catalyst to his separatist movement. (Disilvestre 2003, p. 64) For this paraphrase, this is the information/d irect quote from the source (I will include the quotes if you want to use it): â€Å"Timothy McVeigh, just 29 years, was the ex-soldier convicted of constructing, planting and detonating the bomb that killed so many of his countrymen. Terry Nichols, 42, was convicted of helping McVeigh plan, purchase and steal materials in order to construct the bomb.† (Disilvestre, p. 64) Criminological Theories Again, it must be emphasized that contemporary interest on the motivational factors for McVeigh’s crime was close to nonexistent as many Americans wanted closure and the sense of security that came with finally putting the man who murdered hundreds of Americans to death. If the public and criminologists themselves bothered to look, there are existing criminological theories that could explain McVeigh’s behavior and

Secondhand Market And Its Future

Secondhand Market And Its Future Literature review is about the background information of my project. I will present the related online secondhand market items in the first part. The second part I will review of 3 existing secondhand systems to find inspiration of my project. At last I will talk about open source software and how they can help me in developing system. 2.2 Secondhand Items A secondhand or used good is one that is being purchased by or otherwise transferred to a second or later end user. In another word it can simply mean it is no longer in the same condition as it was when it was first transferred to the current end user. Secondhand items may be transfer between friends or family for free, or they can be sold at a lower price at garage sales. Many people prefer to buy new goods, since new goods can make them feel safer. A warranty is provided for new goods they can fix for free or simply change a new one, buy new goods also can avoid buying stolen goods. But buy secondhand goods has significant benefits such as prevent them becoming waste and saves costly production of equivalent new goods. It can conserving natural resources and protecting the environment, and may from part of a simple living plan. 2.3 E-commerce E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) is any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically over the internet rather than by physical exchange or conduct. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. The main business uses of the internet include: The ability to buy, sell and advertise goods and service to customers and consumers. To communicate with businesses and customers around the world To promote products and services by electronically publishing brochures, manuals, product updates etc To give business the competitive edge by researching information on specific industries. E-commerce can be divided into 4 categories which are business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C), customer-to-business (C2B) and customer-to-customer (C2C). B2B is conducted between businesses. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market). Such as manufactures selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable. B2C is conducted from businesses to consumers. Business selling to the general public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com. C2B is conducted from customer to business. A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours companies review the consumers requirements and bid on the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that will complete the project. Elance empowers consumers around the world by providing the meeting ground and platform for such transactions. C2C conduct from customer to customer. There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell. Thanks to online payment system like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease. eBays auction service is a great example of where person-to-person transactions take place every day since 1995. My Secondhand market system is belongs to C2C category. 2.4 Secondhand market and its future Secondhand markets are used for sell or exchange secondhand items. Secondhand items can often be found for sale in thrift stores and pawnshops, auctions, garage sales, and in more recent times online auctions. Some stores sell both new and used goods, while others only sell new goods but may take used items in exchange for credit toward the purchase of newer goods. These stores are all can be seen as secondhand market. The secondhand market is exciting developing now. Since global financial crisis hit, people turn to shopping in an economy way. So the secondhand trading market benefit from this struggling economy. (Lynn Ducey, 2008) Secondhand markets are busier than ever, it appears a bucking retail trends. (Elizabeth Millard, 2008). Report by CNN 2th January 2009, one of Buffalo (a Manhattan consignment shop) privately held company says it has $50 million in annual revenue and is concluding its third consecutive year of sales growth and also of the resale markets overall performance. Secondhand stores are profiting from the recession. (Maggie Overfelt, 2009) The second-hand trading market is booming as bargain-hunting consumers turn to buying quality second-hand items online, from the latest plasma screens to designer togs. Popular online trading sites like eBay and Trading Post both report a spike in trade of second-hand item. 2.5 Secondhand markets in campus The secondhand market has a huge potential in campus, there are many things can supply such as books, stationery, MP3, computer, etc. These items have the guaranteed quality and in a low price because the buyer and seller are both students easier to monitor. So people like to buy stuff from college students, giving them a high trust. In China annually last-year students spontaneously organize a secondhand market to exchange of second hand school materials. They place stalls along the college street, as long as 100 meters, and becomes a kind of tradition. Even some residents nearby the campus join this team. There is a great deal of graduate students in college every year and they have a lot of things hard to take away but still useful. For the sake of avoiding the waste and recycling, the secondhand market is a good way to solve this problem which can bring some economic benefits at the same time. 2.6 Pros and Cons of online secondhand markets Pros There many advantage to use online secondhand market. Selling and buying secondhand items both become easily. The website allows you to browse through different categories and see the ads posted by other sellers to buy or sell items easily. Use internet we can access more secondhand item resources than traditional shopping method. We can use search function to search product as much as we want without travel here and there. Online secondhand market also can help you save money since you can compare price easily and bargain with seller. Cons Use online secondhand market to search product, user may facing a problem that the quality cannot guarantee. User cannot see, touch and easily ask questions about a real product. Use online shopping decrease the frequency of people get out of the house. This may cause health issue to people. There are some people get cabin fevers in the winter since this situation. Another disadvantage of buy secondhand product online is that secondhand items do not have warranty, if got problem user cannot change a new one or fix for free. 2.7 Review existing system 2.7.1 2nd hand (http://www.2ndhand.com.my/index.php) Introduction 22nd hand is an online second hand market in Malaysia, it allow customer to sell or find request goods online. Key features Register/log in If user wants to post advertisements on this website, he/she need to register on this website. User need to fill up the personal information such as name, gender, contact information (which will display with advertisement together for others to contact with owner) Home page Home page displays the latest sales/request advertisement in sequence. Post sell/request item After user log in they can post a sell/request advertisement at this website. They can post goods photo, edit, update, delete goods information. Search Search function has three classifies: by catalog, by location, by user. User can choose any one of them to process search function. Goods catalog page The website use a whole page to display the entire catalog, user can find all goods classifies here. 2.7.2 Gumtree (http://sydney.gumtree.com.au/) Introduction Gumtree Sydney is a free local classifieds site. Look for items for sale, services, cars, jobs, housing, and more. This site has a large community of individual sellers who put up items for sale. You often can find garage sales here. Its search engine allows you to filter by products and price range. If youre looking for a specific item, you can also sign up to alerts via your email address. Key Features: Post sell/request item Gumtree offer free post advertisement for customer, customer can post an advertisement to sale something or find something they want to buy. Customer first need to select an category that the item they want to post then need to choose they want to buy or sell product then edit product information here, such as price, product name, description and also can post an image of product. Customer need to edit their contact information convenient for others to contact. Promote advertisement Website also provides promote advertisement method which include: highlight advertisement, top advertisement and show advertisement on home page. These functions are charge items. My Gumtree Customer register in Gumtree, they can have an own page for manage their posted advertisement, they can post, promote, edit, delete and have an personal Watch List Discuss area A forum used for user post articles to share their experience of Gumtree and make judgments of service. Help function This web page use a search function to allow user to search questions that they want to ask, see if the question already answered by others. It likes a guideline to guide user use the Gumtree. Other service: Profile, FAQ, search 2.7.3 mySimplifieds (http://www.mysimplifieds.com/) Introduction mySimplifieds is Malaysias Most Comprehensive Classified Listings, All In One Hassle Free Classified Portal To Reach Out Your Largest Buyer Seller Groups Effectively. Key features: Advertisement List your items on mySimplifieds and all our affiliated portals at no extra cost. Post personal classifies: Select a category, edit items information such as: item name, description, price and key word used for search function. Customer even can add an video for posted item to promote it; Fill the form about contact information for others to contact with you; Use the map offered by Malaysia Classifies to show the location of the item; Malaysia Classifies have an special function that report delivered daily or weekly to you email to find out key stats such as unique visitors, total view enquiries so that you can monitor your classifieds performance. Search Search by classifies, and type the key word to search needed items. Tips Buy and sell page got tips to guide customer use the webpage, customer can quickly learned how to use it. FAQ mySimplifieds offer an FAQ to solve frequent question that customer may be ask, if user still get problem, they can send email to mySimplifieds until get satisfied answer Comparison between 3 website website Advantage Disadvantage 2ndhand Simple, easy to use Poor features, not so much functions can choose by people Gumtree Free for post advertisement; Have promote function; Discussion function; Help function User need to charge promote function Web pages are very long need to roll down. mySimplifieds Advertisement function make the post items on its all affiliated portals at no extra cost Products do not display in sequence cannot see latest advertise post by users. Web pages are full of tips, difficult to find process function. 2.8 Overview development tools 2.8.1 HTML HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, HTML is not a programming language, but is a markup language. A markup language is a set of markup tags. HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages. It provide a means to creat structured documents by denoting structureral semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc as well as for links, quotes, and other items. It allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It can include or can load scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML processors like Web browsers; and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. 2.8.2 PHP PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML. As a general purpose programming language, PHP code is processes by an interpreter application in command-line mode performing desired operating system operations and producing program out put on its standard output channel. It may also function as a graphical application. PHP is available as a processor for most modern web servers and as standalone interpreter on most operating system and computing platform. It is free for use, PHP group provide the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use. PHP originally designed to create dynamic web page, now mainly focus on server-side scripting. It is similar to ASP and JSP which provide dynamic content from a web server to a client. PHP is a member of the popular LAMP architecture which in the web industry as a method of deploying web application. PHP is representing P in LAMP; other three alphabets represent Linux, Apache and MySQL. Significant website are written in PHP include Facebook, Wikipedia, Yahoo, MyYearbook, Digg and so on. According Wikipedia, April 2007, over 20 million Internet domains had web services hosted on servers with PHP installed and mod-php was recorded as the most popular Apache HTTP Server module. 2.8.3 MySQL MySQL is the most popular open source SQL database management system, is developed, distributed, and supported by Sun Microsystems, Inc. MySQL consistent fast performance, high reliability and ease of use. Its used on every continent, even Antarctica. Individual web developers or worlds largest and fastest-growing organizations both use MySQL to save time and money powering their high-volume Web site, business-critical system and packaged software including industry leaders such as Yahoo!, Alcatel-Lucent, Google, Nokia, YouTube, and Zappos.com. MySQL support most of the function youve come to expect in a commercial RDBMS. It ensures that transactions comply with the ACID Model, allows the building of indexes, supports standard data types, and allows for database replication, among other features. MySQL also provide flexibility put you in control since it can runs on more than 20 platforms including Linux, Windows, Mac OS, Solaris, HP-UX, IBM AIX. 2.8.4 Apache Apache is public-domain, open source Web server developed by a loosely-knit group of programmers. Apache is generally recognized as the worlds most popular Web server (HTTP server). The first vision of Apache, based on the NCSA http Web server, was developed in 1995. Originally designed for UNIX servers, the Apache Web server has been ported to Windows and other network operating system (NOS). The name Apache derives from the word patchy that the Apache developers used to describe early versions of their software. The Apache Web server provides a full range of Web server features, including CGI, SSL, and virtual domains. Apache also supports plug-in modules for extensibility. Apache is reliable, free, and relatively easy to configure. Apache is free software distributed by the Apache Software Foundation. The Apache Software Foundation promotes various free and open source advanced Web technologies. 2.8.5 Benefits of use open source There are many reason for us to choose open source, here just list several important reasons to review. First of all, the cost will be a very important reason. The open source software is free. You no need to charge anything for it. You just download and install then can do your stuff with the software. Second is open source offer a high level security. Open source software packages are almost always secure than proprietary options. If you read reports from the Dti and Pwc you will found that all known viruses are targeting proprietary software system. It is hard to find any real data on the number of Linux viruses that are in circulation. The last but not least reason I want to write is features, because most open source software is developed by people who use it, so it tends to have more advance features. If theres something you want to do you can either modify the product yourself or pay someone to do it for you. If you wish to, you are free to contribute your modifications back to the community so that the software continues to improve. Most open source licenses only require you to do this if you re-distribute your modified product to others. 2.9 Conclusion From the literature review it can be concluded that secondhand market is appears a bucking retail trends both in campus and society. The secondhand market has a bright future and more and more people turn to buy secondhand items online. The review of exist secondhand system shows that the secondhand system has these common functions: search, browse, post advertisement, category and manage function. I learned advantages and disadvantages from these systems. I can design my system better with this knowledge. I choose Open source software to develop my system since its economy and rich functionality. I can easily use and find help from internet if I get problem cannot solve. Open source software is a good system development tool for the person who wants to develop a system without much money and experience.